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CAGR Formula in Excel - Calculate Compound Annual Growth Rate

Calculate the average annual growth rate of investments and business metrics with the CAGR formula in Excel....

Quick Start

Syntax

=((Ending Value / Beginning Value)^(1/Number of Years)) - 1

Parameters

Ending Value - Required. Final value of investment or metric at the end of the period

Beginning Value - Required. Starting value at the beginning of the measurement period

Number of Years - Required. Time period in years (can be decimal for partial years)

Simplest Example

ABCD
1InvestmentInitialFinalYears
2Portfolio$10,000$15,0003
3CAGR:
=((C2/B2)^(1/D2))-1
14.47%

Quick Reference

Basic CAGR Formula
=((15000/10000)^(1/3))-1

Investment grew from $10K to $15K in 3 years

=((1.5)^0.333)-1 → 14.47%

CAGR with Cell References
=((B5/B2)^(1/A5))-1

Dynamic calculation from data table

Format as percentage for readability

CAGR with POWER Function
=POWER(Ending/Beginning,1/Years)-1

Alternative syntax using POWER function

Same result, more readable for complex formulas

CAGR for Revenue Growth
=((2500000/1000000)^(1/3))-1

Revenue from $1M to $2.5M in 3 years

=((2.5)^0.333)-1 → 35.72%

Real-World Examples

Investment Portfolio CAGR Analysis

Calculate the compound annual growth rate of a stock portfolio to measure true investment performance over multiple years. The CAGR formula in Excel accounts for volatility and compounding, giving investors an accurate picture of average annual returns. This Excel calculation is essential for comparing different investment strategies, evaluating fund manager performance, planning retirement savings, and making informed portfolio allocation decisions. Financial advisors use CAGR to communicate historical performance and project future portfolio values for clients.

ABCDE
1Year20202021202220232024
2Value$50,000$55,000$48,000$62,000$75,000
3CAGR
=((E2/A2)^(1/4))-1
8.45%
Pro Tip: Use CAGR to smooth out year-to-year volatility and see the true long-term growth trend
Pattern: =((Final/Initial)^(1/Years))-1, then format as percentage
Business Revenue CAGR Tracking

Track company revenue growth using the CAGR formula in Excel for accurate performance measurement and investor reporting. The Excel CAGR calculation helps business owners and CFOs communicate consistent growth rates to stakeholders, set realistic revenue targets, and benchmark against industry standards. This formula is critical for startup pitch decks, annual reports, board presentations, and strategic planning sessions where demonstrating sustainable growth is essential for funding and business valuation.

ABCD
1YearYear 1Year 2Year 3Year 4
2Revenue$1,000,000$1,400,000$1,800,000$2,500,000
3CAGR
=((D2/A2)^(1/3))-1
35.72%
Pattern: Use 3-5 year CAGR for meaningful growth trends

Common Mistakes to Avoid

=(Ending - Beginning) / Beginning / YearsUsing simple average instead of compound growth

❌ The Problem:

  • Ignores compounding effects over multiple years
  • Understates actual growth for positive returns
  • Does not account for exponential growth patterns
  • Produces inaccurate comparisons between investments

✅ Solution:

=((Ending/Beginning)^(1/Years))-1

Use the power function (^) to calculate compound annual growth rate. The CAGR formula in Excel accounts for exponential growth by taking the nth root of the total return, where n is the number of years. This gives you the geometric mean return that compounds to reach the ending value, which is far more accurate than simple arithmetic averaging for multi-year investment performance analysis.

=((B10/B2)^(1/10))-1Incorrectly counting the number of years

❌ The Problem:

  • Counting both start and end years (double-counting)
  • Using row numbers instead of actual time periods
  • Not accounting for partial years correctly
  • Results in skewed CAGR calculations

✅ Solution:

=(End Year - Start Year) for full years only

If your investment started in 2020 and ended in 2025, that is 5 years (2025-2020=5), not 6 years. The Excel CAGR formula requires the exact number of compounding periods. For partial years, use decimal values (e.g., 3.5 years for 3 years and 6 months). Always verify your time period calculation before applying the CAGR formula to avoid significant errors in growth rate analysis.

=((B5/B2)^(1/3))-1 without formattingForgetting to format result as percentage

❌ The Problem:

  • Displays 0.1447 instead of 14.47%
  • Makes growth rates difficult to interpret
  • Confuses stakeholders in reports and presentations
  • Requires manual mental conversion to percentage

✅ Solution:

Apply percentage format to CAGR cell

The CAGR formula in Excel returns a decimal value (like 0.1447). Always format the result cell as a percentage with 2 decimal places for clear communication. Right-click the cell → Format Cells → Percentage → 2 decimal places. This makes your Excel CAGR calculation immediately understandable in financial reports, investor presentations, and business dashboards without requiring viewers to do mental math conversions.

Frequently Asked Questions

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