Math & Rounding
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ROUND Function in Excel - Round Numbers to Decimals & Whole Numbers

Clean up messy decimals with the ROUND function in Excel....

Quick Start

Syntax

=ROUND(number, num_digits)

Parameters

number - Required. The number you want to round (cell reference or calculation)

num_digits - Required. Number of decimal places. Use 0 for whole numbers, negative for rounding left of decimal (e.g., -2 for nearest hundred)

Simplest Example

ABC
1ValueFormulaResult
23.14159
3Round to 2 decimals:
=ROUND(A2, 2)
3.14

Quick Reference

Round to 2 Decimals (Currency)
=ROUND(A1, 2)

Example: A1=45.8573

=ROUND(45.8573, 2) → 45.86

Round to Whole Number
=ROUND(A1, 0)

Example: A1=3.7

=ROUND(3.7, 0) → 4

Round to Nearest 10
=ROUND(A1, -1)

Example: A1=456

=ROUND(456, -1) → 460

Round to Nearest 100
=ROUND(A1, -2)

Example: A1=4567

=ROUND(4567, -2) → 4600

Real-World Examples

Round Calculated Prices to Cents

After applying discounts, taxes, and markups, prices often have many decimal places like $45.8573829. The ROUND function in Excel cleans these to exactly 2 decimal places for invoices, receipts, and price tags. This Excel ROUND formula ensures consistent currency formatting across financial systems, prevents rounding errors in payment processing, and displays professional pricing in e-commerce catalogs. Essential for accountants, retailers, and anyone handling monetary calculations where pennies matter.

ABC
1ItemRaw PriceDisplay Price
2Laptop$45.8573
3Mouse$12.3449
4Formula:
=ROUND(A2, 2)
$45.86
Pro Tip: Use ROUND in pricing formulas to avoid displaying prices like $9.999999 which confuse customers and break payment systems.
Pattern: =ROUND(price_calculation, 2) for all currency values
Round Budget Estimates to Nearest Hundred

Project budgets and financial forecasts look cleaner when rounded to significant figures. Use negative num_digits to round left of the decimal point. The ROUND function in Excel with -2 rounds to nearest hundred ($4,567 becomes $4,600), perfect for executive summaries and high-level budget presentations. This Excel ROUND formula pattern is standard in financial planning, grant proposals, and strategic planning documents where precision isn't needed but readability is critical.

ABC
1ProjectExact CostEstimate
2Website$4,567
3Marketing$12,345
4Formula:
=ROUND(A2, -2)
$4,600
Pro Tip: Use -1 for nearest 10, -2 for nearest 100, -3 for nearest 1000. Great for making large numbers easier to communicate.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

=ROUND(3.7)Missing num_digits parameter

❌ The Problem:

  • Returns #VALUE! error - num_digits is required
  • Cannot guess how many decimal places you want
  • Formula won't work until parameter is added

✅ Solution:

=ROUND(3.7, 0)

Always specify num_digits. Use 0 for whole numbers, 2 for cents, negative for left of decimal. The ROUND function in Excel requires this parameter to know your rounding precision - there is no default value.

Cell formatting to show 2 decimalsFormatting vs actual rounding

❌ The Problem:

  • Cell displays 3.14 but Excel stores 3.14159 internally
  • Calculations use the full precision, not displayed value
  • Can cause unexpected totals and rounding errors downstream

✅ Solution:

=ROUND(3.14159, 2)

Use ROUND to actually change the stored value to 3.14. Cell formatting only affects display, not calculation. The Excel ROUND formula modifies the underlying number, ensuring consistent results in all downstream calculations and exports.

=ROUND(A1/B1, 2) in every rowRounding intermediate calculations

❌ The Problem:

  • Compounds rounding errors across multiple steps
  • Final total may differ from sum of rounded values
  • Creates "penny discrepancies" in financial reports

✅ Solution:

=ROUND(SUM(A1:A10)/SUM(B1:B10), 2)

Round only the final result, not intermediate calculations. Keep full precision during calculations, round only at the end. Use the ROUND function in Excel strategically to maintain accuracy while displaying clean numbers.

Frequently Asked Questions

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