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Multiplication Function in Excel - Multiply Numbers, Cells & Ranges

Multiply numbers with the asterisk operator (*) or PRODUCT function in Excel....

Quick Start

Syntax

=A1*B1 or =PRODUCT(number1, [number2], ...)

Parameters

Basic Multiplication - Required. Use * operator between numbers or cell references (e.g., =A1*B1, =10*25, =A1*5).

PRODUCT Function - Optional. Use =PRODUCT(range) to multiply all numbers in a range (e.g., =PRODUCT(A1:A5)).

Simplest Example

ABC
1ProductQuantityUnit PriceTotal
2Laptop151200
3
=B2*C2
18000

Quick Reference

Multiply Two Cells
=A1*B1

Multiply values in cells A1 and B1

If A1=25 and B1=4, result is 100

Multiply Range (PRODUCT)
=PRODUCT(A1:A5)

Multiply all values in range A1 to A5

=PRODUCT(2,3,4,5,6) → 720

Multiply Column by Constant
=A1*5

Multiply each cell by a fixed number

If A1=20, result is 100

Apply Growth Rate
=A1*(1+B1)

Multiply by (1 + percentage) for growth

If A1=1000 and B1=15%, result is 1150

Real-World Examples

Calculate Total Price from Quantity and Unit Price

The most common use case for the multiplication formula in Excel is calculating total price by multiplying quantity times unit price in sales orders, invoices, and purchase orders. The Excel multiplication formula is essential for e-commerce businesses, retailers, wholesalers, and procurement teams who need to calculate order totals, line item amounts, and extended prices across multiple products. This multiplication pattern in Excel works perfectly for sales analysis, revenue calculations, cost estimations, and pricing tables where you need to multiply two columns together to get totals for inventory management and financial reporting.

ABCD
1ProductQuantityUnit PriceTotal
2Laptops15$1,200
3Total:
=B2*C2
$18,000
Pro Tip: Use absolute reference like =$C$2 if multiplying by a constant tax rate or discount percentage.
Pattern: =Quantity*UnitPrice for total calculations
Apply Growth Rate for Revenue Forecasting

Use the multiplication formula in Excel to apply growth rates and forecast future revenue by multiplying current values by growth factors like (1 + growth percentage). The Excel multiplication formula is critical for financial analysts, CFOs, and business planners building revenue projections, sales forecasts, and multi-year financial models. This multiplication technique in Excel handles compound growth calculations, year-over-year increases, market expansion scenarios, and what-if analyses where you model different growth assumptions to predict future business performance and make strategic investment decisions.

ABCD
1YearRevenueGrowth RateNext Year
22025$500,00015%
3Projection:
=B2*(1+C2)
$575,000
Pattern: =Original*(1+GrowthRate) for forecasting

Common Mistakes to Avoid

=A1+A1+A1Using addition instead of multiplication

❌ The Problem:

  • Only works for exact number of repetitions
  • Becomes impractical for large multipliers
  • Error-prone and difficult to maintain
  • Does not work with decimal multipliers

✅ Solution:

=A1*3

Use the multiplication operator (*) instead of repeated addition in Excel. The multiplication formula in Excel is more efficient, cleaner, and works with any multiplier including decimals. The Excel multiplication formula scales to any calculation complexity and maintains clarity in your spreadsheet models.

=A1*B1*C1*D1*E1Chaining * operator instead of using PRODUCT

❌ The Problem:

  • Formula becomes very long with many cells
  • Hard to read and verify accuracy
  • Difficult to modify range when adding/removing cells
  • More prone to syntax errors

✅ Solution:

=PRODUCT(A1:E1)

Use the PRODUCT function for multiplying multiple cells or ranges in Excel. The PRODUCT function handles any number of cells efficiently, maintains cleaner formulas, and automatically adjusts when you insert or delete cells in the range. The Excel multiplication formula with PRODUCT is the best practice for range-based multiplication operations.

=A1*B1 where B1 is blankNot handling blank cells in multiplication

❌ The Problem:

  • Result shows 0 instead of blank or error
  • Creates misleading zeros in reports
  • Affects calculations that depend on this cell
  • Hides missing data issues

✅ Solution:

=IF(OR(A1="",B1=""),"",A1*B1)

Wrap the multiplication formula in Excel with IF to check for blank cells before multiplying. This prevents misleading zero results when data is missing and keeps your spreadsheet data quality high. The Excel multiplication formula combined with conditional logic ensures accurate reporting and prevents calculation errors in business-critical spreadsheets. Use <Link href="/formulas/if">IF</Link> with <Link href="/formulas/or">OR</Link> for robust error handling.

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