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DAY Formula in Excel - Extract Day Number from Date

Extract the day of the month (1-31) from any date value with the DAY function in Excel....

Quick Start

Syntax

=DAY(serial_number)

Parameters

serial_number - Required. The date from which to extract the day of month (1-31). Can be a date value, cell reference, or text date that Excel recognizes.

Simplest Example

AB
1DateDay Number
21/15/2025
32/28/2025
4Formula:
=DAY(A2)
15

Quick Reference

Extract Day from Date
=DAY("1/15/2025")

Get day number from date

=DAY("1/15/2025") → 15

Check for Specific Day
=IF(DAY(A1)=15, "Due", "")

Flag 15th of any month

=IF(DAY(1/15/2025)=15) → "Due"

Days Remaining in Month
=DAY(EOMONTH(TODAY(),0))-DAY(TODAY())

Calculate days until month-end

Returns days left in current month

First or Second Half
=IF(DAY(A1)<=15, "Period 1", "Period 2")

Categorize by half-month

=IF(DAY(1/20/2025)<=15) → "Period 2"

Real-World Examples

Payment Schedule Reminders

Identify all invoices due on the 15th of every month for automated payment reminders and cash flow planning. The DAY function in Excel enables finance teams to flag specific billing dates regardless of month or year, ensuring timely payments and preventing late fees. This Excel DAY formula approach is critical for accounts payable automation, vendor payment tracking, subscription billing systems, and credit card payment schedules where consistent monthly dates drive business operations and maintain vendor relationships.

ABC
1InvoiceDue DateReminder
2INV-0011/15/2025
3INV-0022/28/2025
4INV-0033/15/2025
5Formula:
=IF(DAY(B2)=15, "Send Reminder", "")
Send Reminder
Pro Tip: Combine with TODAY() to check if payment is due today: =IF(DAY(A1)=DAY(TODAY()), "Pay Now", "")
Pattern: =IF(DAY(date)=target_day, action, "") for day-specific triggers
Semi-Monthly Reporting

Categorize transactions into first-half (days 1-15) and second-half (days 16-31) periods for payroll processing and semi-monthly financial reporting. The Excel DAY function automatically splits monthly data into two billing periods, essential for companies that pay employees twice per month, process vendor invoices on bi-weekly schedules, or generate mid-month and month-end reports. This DAY formula in Excel simplifies period-based aggregation for accounting systems, time tracking applications, and commission calculations that operate on semi-monthly cycles.

ABC
1TransactionDatePeriod
2Sale #11/8/2025
3Sale #21/20/2025
4Formula:
=IF(DAY(B2)<=15, "Period 1", "Period 2")
Period 1
Pro Tip: Use with SUMIFS for period totals: =SUMIFS(amounts, dates, ">=1/1/2025", dates, "<=1/15/2025")

Common Mistakes to Avoid

=DAY("January")Using incomplete date text

❌ The Problem:

  • Returns #VALUE! error - needs complete date
  • Month name alone is not a valid date
  • Excel cannot extract day from partial date info

✅ Solution:

=DAY("1/15/2025")

Always provide a complete date with day, month, and year. The DAY function in Excel requires a valid date serial number to extract the day component. Use "1/15/2025" or "January 15, 2025" format that Excel recognizes as a complete date value.

=DAY(TODAY())Confusing DAY with WEEKDAY

❌ The Problem:

  • DAY returns day of month (1-31), not day of week
  • DAY(TODAY()) gives date number like 15, not "Monday"
  • Won't give you Monday/Tuesday/Wednesday names

✅ Solution:

=WEEKDAY(TODAY())

Use WEEKDAY function for day of week (1-7 where 1=Sunday). The Excel DAY formula extracts the day number within the month (1st through 31st), while WEEKDAY identifies which day of the week it is. Choose DAY for billing dates and payment schedules, WEEKDAY for work scheduling and weekend detection.

=DAY(A1)>31Testing for impossible day values

❌ The Problem:

  • DAY always returns 1-31, never exceeds month limits
  • Unnecessary validation - Excel handles month boundaries
  • Creates false sense of data validation

✅ Solution:

=IF(ISDATE(A1), DAY(A1), "Invalid")

Validate that the input is a date first, then extract the day. The DAY function in Excel automatically respects month boundaries - February never returns 31, April never returns 31, etc. Focus validation on whether the cell contains a valid date using ISDATE or ISNUMBER combined with date tests.

Frequently Asked Questions

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