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YEAR Formula in Excel - Extract Years from Dates

Extract the 4-digit number from any date value with this essential date function....

Quick Start

Syntax

=YEAR(serial_number)

Parameters

serial_number - Required. Date value, cell reference, or text date to extract year from.

Simplest Example

AB
1DateYear
22025-01-15
312/31/2024
4Formula:
=YEAR(A2)
2025

Quick Reference

Extract Time Period from Date
=YEAR("2025-01-15")

Get 4-digit value from dates

=YEAR("2025-01-15") → 2025

Current Period
=YEAR(TODAY())

Get current value dynamically

=YEAR(TODAY()) → 2025

Calculate Age
=YEAR(TODAY())-YEAR(A1)

Approximate age from birth date

=2025-1990 → 35

Filter Current Period
=IF(YEAR(A1)=YEAR(TODAY()),"Current","Past")

Label records by time period

=IF(2025=2025) → "Current"

Real-World Examples

Calculate Employee Age and Tenure

Use this date function to calculate employee age from birth dates and service duration from hire dates. Perfect for HR analytics, retirement planning, benefits eligibility, and workforce demographics. It automatically updates as time passes, ensuring accurate age and tenure calculations without manual updates. Combine with TODAY for dynamic calculations that reflect current dates, essential for employee anniversary tracking, age-based benefits, and tenure-based compensation adjustments in human resources management.

ABC
1EmployeeBirth DateAge
2Alice1990-05-15
3Bob1985-08-22
4Formula:
=YEAR(TODAY())-YEAR(A2)
35
Pro Tip: For exact age, use DATEDIF(birthdate, TODAY(), "Y") instead of this formula to account for birth month/day.
Group Sales Data by Year

Extract periods from transaction dates to create annual sales reports and period-over-period comparisons. This function enables grouping of time-series data for trend analysis, fiscal reporting, and multi-period performance tracking. Essential for financial analysts, sales managers, and business intelligence teams who need to aggregate daily transactions into annual summaries. Combine with SUMIF to calculate totals, use with pivot tables for temporal grouping, or pair with other date functions for comprehensive analysis.

ABC
1TransactionDateYear
2Sale 12024-03-15
3Sale 22025-01-10
4Formula:
=YEAR(A2)
2024
Pattern: Use =SUMIF(year_column, 2024, sales_column) to sum all sales for a specific time period

Common Mistakes to Avoid

=YEAR("January 15, 2025")Using unsupported date format

❌ The Problem:

  • Excel may not recognize "January 15, 2025" format
  • Returns #VALUE! error in some locales
  • Inconsistent results across different Excel versions

✅ Solution:

=YEAR(DATEVALUE("January 15, 2025"))

Use DATEVALUE to convert text dates to proper date serial numbers that this function can process. It requires valid date values. Alternatively, use standardized formats like "2025-01-15" or "1/15/2025" that Excel recognizes universally. For reliable results, always convert text dates using DATEVALUE or use cell references with properly formatted dates instead of text strings.

=YEAR(A1) where A1 contains textApplying function to text-formatted cells

❌ The Problem:

  • Returns #VALUE! error when cell contains non-date text
  • Fails silently if cell looks like a date but is stored as text
  • Causes cascading errors in dependent formulas

✅ Solution:

=IFERROR(YEAR(DATEVALUE(A1)), "Invalid Date")

Wrap the function in IFERROR with DATEVALUE to handle text-formatted dates gracefully. It requires numeric date values, not text. Use DATEVALUE to convert text to dates, then IFERROR to catch invalid inputs. Check cell formatting (Ctrl+1) to ensure dates are stored as Date format, not Text. For data imports, use Text-to-Columns with Date parsing to convert text to proper date values before applying this approach.

=YEAR(0)Not understanding Excel date serial numbers

❌ The Problem:

  • Returns 1900 (Excel's base period) unexpectedly
  • Confusion about how Excel stores dates internally
  • Blank cells return 1900 instead of error

✅ Solution:

=IF(A1="", "", YEAR(A1))

Excel stores dates as serial numbers where 0 = January 0, 1900 (displayed as 1900). This function converts the serial number back. To handle blank cells correctly, wrap it in IF to test for empty cells first. Use =IF(ISBLANK(A1), "", YEAR(A1)) for explicit blank checking. Understanding date serial numbers helps troubleshoot unexpected results and design robust formulas that handle edge cases properly.

Frequently Asked Questions

Other Date & Time Functions

Related Formulas

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Master Excel YEAR

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